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高二英语YY-15-02-057

Book 6 Unit 5 The power of nature

语言知识

编写人：甘晓曦   审核人：周松林   编写时间：2015-8-14

班级：         组别：         姓名：        等级：

【Study Aim】To learn and try to use some important words, phrases and grammar structures in the text.

【Difficult Point】To learn to use the expressions and some grammar points.

【Learning Procedures】

Step I Discovering useful expressions (go through the passage on page 34-35)

1. share your knowledge with others               ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

2. protect themselves from powerful natural forces    ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

3. 让我兴奋                                 ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

4. 使我觉得有活力                           ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

5. 被任命为…                                 ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

6. 被熔岩覆盖                               ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

7. 被烧成平地                                 ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

8. take much notice (of sth)                      ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

9. 正打算做某事突然…                       ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

10. 更近距离的观察它                        ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

11. slowly make our way to the edge of the crater          ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

12. 惊叹于它的美                            ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

Step II Language points in reading

【课文原句】1

Yet, however weak we are, we are not completely powerless.

翻译：﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

【句子分析】

1)句中的 however 引导﹎﹎﹎﹎(从句)。

   “疑问词+ever”可分为“疑问代词 + ever”：whatever / whichever / whoever (宾格whomever )和“疑问副词+ever”：wherever / whenever / however，其意义都是“不管 / 无论 + 该疑问词的本义”。

    “疑问代词+ever”既可引导让步状语从句（此时whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于“ no matter + what / who / which”）。

    Whatever happened, he wouldn’t say a word. = No matter what happened, he wouldn’t say a word.   

    又可引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。

    Whoever smokes here will be punished.　　

    Beggars will eat whatever they are given. 

　　此时它们都不能换成“no matter + 疑问词”的形式，但whoever= anyone who；whatever= anything that.

　　 “疑问副词+ever”：wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“no matter + where / when / how”。

　　Wherever he goes, I’ll follow him. = No matter where he goes, I’ll follow him.

　　However late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

　　注意：当 however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句。

I’ll give you however much money you need. (此时however不能改成no matter how )。

请判断划线部分是什么从句？

Whatever you say, I believe you.                         ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out.                ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

Whenever you come, you are welcome.                       ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like.   ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

I’ll take whoever wants to go.                              ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

Whoever comes first will receive a prize.                ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

2) powerless [power(n&v)-powerful(adj)-powerfully(adv)]意为“无影响的，无权的；无能为力的”，当它作“无能为力”讲时多用于be powerless to do sth.这个结构。这个词是power+less构成的。-less一般当作否定后缀，它有两个意思：①没有；无 ②不做；不受影响。

meaningless无意义              worthless= valueless无价值的 

treeless没有树木                 priceless无价的，极珍贵的 

tireless孜孜不倦               selfless无私

【尝试运用】

1) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎he was in, he never lost confidence and was always optimistic about the future life. (situation)

  无论他处于多么困难的境地，他从来不会失去信心，并且对未来生活总是很乐观。

2) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎to be admitted to university must devote himself or herself to reviewing their lessons. (want) 

 任何想被大学录取的人都必须专心致志的去复习他们的功课。

3) The painting we had thought to be﹎﹎﹎﹎ ﹎﹎﹎﹎ ﹎﹎﹎﹎ turned out to be﹎﹎﹎﹎. (value)

  他曾认为极其珍贵的油画被证实分文不值。

4) I am so tired that I have hardly enough﹎﹎﹎﹎left to move my feet.

A. force                B. power            C. energy              D. strength

5) 翻译：

  无论我多么努力工作，她对我的表现都不满意。(work)

  ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎.

【课文原句】2

①Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.

②Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their

potential to cause great damage.

翻译：①﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

②﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎

【句子分析】

句中两个having done 是v-ing的完成式，它表示其动作发生在主句动作之前，在句中作时间

或原因状语，它的被动形式是：having been done;它的否定形式是：not having done；而v.-ing的一般式表示该动作与主句动作同时发生。请观察以下例句：

Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 因为未能通过电话与他们

取得联系，所以我们发了一个电子邮件。

Having been told many times, he finally understood it. 被告知了许多次，他最终明白了。

Not having done the work well, he decided to try again. 没有把这项工作做好，他决定再试一次。

Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 接近市中心的时

候，我们看到了一尊10米高的石雕像。

【尝试运用】

1) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some

medicine with him wherever he goes. (suffer)

患心脏病有许多年了，怀特教授不得不随身带着药。

2) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎, the patient left the hospital. (examine)

仔细检查后，这个病人离开了医院。

3) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎, I wrote her another one, telling her what I wanted her to do. (hear)

还没收到她的信，我给她又写了一封，告诉她我要她做的事情。

4) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. (rise)

看着太阳从海平面上升起，我们发出欢呼声。

5) 翻译：

在这个城市居住了五年，他对它非常熟悉。

﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎.

【课文原句】3

This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.

【句子分析】

句中where引导﹎﹎﹎﹎从句。引导该从句的关系副词有 when, where, why 等，在从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。关系副词引导的定语从句常可以改写为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。请观察以下例句并写出关系词在从句所作的成份。

He works in the factory where/in which his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工

作。（﹎﹎﹎﹎成份）

I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the army. 我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。

（﹎﹎﹎﹎成份）

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。

（﹎﹎﹎﹎成份）

That’s the reason that /which he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。（﹎﹎﹎﹎成份）

【尝试运用】

1) After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎as a child. (grow)

在巴黎居住了50年后, 他回到他长大的小镇。

2) The reason﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎was that the bus he took this morning broke down on the way. (late)

他又迟到的原因是他今天早上搭的公汽在路上坏了。

3) There was a time﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎my study and wanted to travel around the world. (feel)

曾经有一段时间我想要放弃学习并且想去环游世界。

4) 翻译：

   ①我将永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下度过的那段日子。(spend)

   ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎.

   ②我将永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下待过的那段日子。(stay)

   ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎.

【课文原句】4

The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩桨，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

【句子分析】

this being my first experience 在句中作状语，是独立主格结构。它的特点有以下三点：

  1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

    2) 名词或者代词与后面的现在分词、过去分词、不定式等是逻辑上的主谓关系。

  3) 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句隔开。

请看以下例句并掌握其用法。

    ①Time permitting, we shall have a picnic this weekend. (名词/代词+现在分词)

    ②The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 已经做出决

定，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好计划。(名词/代词+现在分词完成式)

    ③The job finished, we went home straight away. (名词/代词+过去分词)

    ④The two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details to be worked

out later.  (名词/代词+动词不定式的被动) 

    ⑤The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人

同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。(名词/代词+动词不定式)

注意：独立主格与分词作状语的区别在于：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，而独立主格中的分词都有其自身的逻辑主语。

    ⑥The job done, we went home. (独立主格, 主语不一致)

    ⑦Holding the keys in his hand, he looked for them everywhere. (分词作状语，主语一致)

【尝试运用】

1) Weather﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎(permit), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨效游。

2) The lecture﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎(begin), he left his seat so quietly.

演讲已经开始了，他悄悄地离开了座位。

3) There﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎(be) nothing else to do, we went home.

没有什么别的事可做，我们就回家了。

4) More trees, flowers and grass﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎(plant), our newly-built school will be even more beautiful.

要种更多的树、花和草，我们的新校园将会更美丽。

5) ﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎﹎(struggle) for two months to make up for the lost lessons, Jim finally made great progress in his study.

努力了两个月去补落下的功课，吉姆最终在学习上取得了很大的进步。

Step III Try to complete the summary of the story.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

  Twenty years ago, I 1)﹎﹎﹎﹎(appoint) as a volcanologist working for HVO. My duty is 2)﹎﹎﹎﹎(collect) and evaluating information for a database about Mount Kilauea. Our work has saved many lives from the volcano 3)﹎﹎﹎﹎(erupt). The lava 4)﹎﹎﹎﹎(flow) slowly down the mountain causes a lot of damage because it 5)﹎﹎﹎﹎(bury) everything under the molten rock and many houses 6)﹎﹎﹎﹎(burn) to the ground.

  The volcano eruption is exciting 7)﹎﹎﹎﹎(watch). I’ll never forget my first sight of an eruption. Red hot lava was 8)﹎﹎﹎﹎(fountain) hundreds of meters into the air. The next day, I was lucky enough to have a much 9)﹎﹎﹎﹎(close) look at it. We 10)﹎﹎﹎﹎(way) to the edge of the crater and collected some lava for later study.

  I am always enthusiastic about my job. 11)﹎﹎﹎﹎my job is occasionally dangerous, I don’t mind because danger makes me feel 12)﹎﹎﹎﹎(excite) and alive.

﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡

组长点评

一、根据英语科特点，title部分设置了“学习目标（Study Aims）”“重难点（Difficult Points）”等栏目。

二、正文部分下设三个学习步骤，由浅”是Book 6 Unit 5 The power of nature语言知识，导学案有以下特点：入深，达到从知识到能力的变化。

1、短语归纳。通过梳理课文短语，不仅利于学生加强常用短语识记，更有利于课文理解。

2、课文原句。解读语句的语法知识是学习步骤的关键。四个语句分别讲解、归纳了“however等引导的让步状语从句”“动词-ing形式的完成式”“复习定语从句”和“独立主格结构”。

3、语法填空。这个部分是综合运用，学生在学习、掌握以上的导学案内容后，就能熟练完成。

    三、导学案排版格式准确，利于学生阅读。无标点或打印错误。