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Book9 Unit2 Sailing the oceans

Period 2  语言知识课编写人：冯 俐  审核人：谭建安  编写时间：2018-05-11

        班级：        组别：        组名：        姓名：

（识记部分）

Step I To enrich your vocabulary by learning the following expressions or phrases.

1. plot a ship’s position 标出船的位置(plot n.情节，布局；阴谋   v.密谋；布局；标出，画出)

2. at the mercy of the sea任由海洋摆布

3. accomplished navigators 有经验的航海家

4. work out their/ the latitude 计算出纬度

(work sth. out/ work out sth. 计算出；解决        work out锻炼身体；进展顺利)

5. accelerate the speed 加速

6. during their outward or return journeys 在他们出海或返航期间

7. indicate the North Pole 指向北极

8. set a straight course 确定笔直的航线

9. the fixed points of reference 固定的参考点

10. (sb./sth.+be) nowhere to be seen/ found哪儿都看不到/找不到……

11. the tendency to make mistakes 犯错的倾向性

12. seaweed was fresh and smelled strongly 海藻颜色新鲜而且气味浓烈

   (smell 作不及物动词，译为“发出难闻气味”；作连系动词，译为“闻起来”，其后常接形容词， 如：the flowers smelling sweet“闻起来香的花”；作及物动词，译为“觉察到；闻到”；作名词，译为“气味；嗅觉”。)

13. throw a knotted rope tied to a log over the side of the ship （rope前后两个v-ed作定语）

沿着船边拉一根系在圆木上的打结的绳子

Step II To learn your textbook more effectively by analyzing the following sentences.

1. We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.

★译：我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船的位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。

★句子分析：

① 句中划线部分为how引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语；

② 句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to plot a ship’s position on a map;

  ★点滴积累：may/might/can/could do sth. “很可能做……; 或许会做……”; may/might as well do sth. “不妨做……; 倒不如做……”; make it possible (for sb.) to do sth. “使(某人)做某事成为可能”。

2. This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.

★译：这似乎已经是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。

★句子分析：

① to have done是动词不定式to do的完成式，常用作表语、宾语，表达“已完成/已发生”的意思；

② 句中划线部分为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词exploration;

③ carry在句中的意思为“具备；含有；包含”，如：Being a combat sport, karate carries the risk of injury. 作为一项格斗运动，空手道带有受伤的风险性。carry还可表示“拿，提，扛，搬，抱；携带；输送；传染，传播；支撑；承担（责任）, 承受（结果）；带到…地方/位置”等意思。

★点滴积累：carry sth. in one’s mind/head“能记住，能回想起”；carry ships to their destination“把船送往他们的目的地”；carry/bring sb. back (to sth.)“使回想起，使回忆”；carry on with sth./ doing sth.“继续……”; carry sth. out“实施，执行”；carry sb./sth. through“帮助……渡过难关，顺利完成……”; be carried away “变得很激动，情绪失控”

3. There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17^th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.

★译：直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后，人们才有了测量经度的可靠方法。

★句子分析：

① 句中划线部分为when引导的定语从句；

② not…until…译为“直到……才……”，是常考点。

★点滴积累：measure longitude“测量经度”；  solve/ work out/ approach/ settle/ handle/ deal with the problem“解决这个问题”。

4. Nobody knew that the earth turns eastwards at about 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time.

★译：以前没有人知道地球每小时向东转动约15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。

★句子分析：

① 句中did在此表强调，起加强语气的作用，译为“的确；确实”；

② 句中using speed and time作方式状语。

5. As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman’s hands.

★译：当船只在水中前进时，这些绳结从海员的手中通过，这时海员就记下绳结的数目。

★句子分析：

① 句中的两个as都表示“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。复习as的用法。

• as作连词的用法：

●引导时间状语从句，译为“当……时候; 一边……一边……;随着……”,强调两个动作同时发生；如：He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.   

As time went by/on, she became more and more worried.

●引导原因状语从句，译为“既然；由于”；如：As you are not feeling well, you may as well stay at home.

●引导方式状语从句，译为“像……;按照……方式”；如：He speaks English as Americans do.

●引导让步状语从句，译为“虽然；尽管”，常用于倒装语序；

如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.          Weak as he was, he still went to school.  

Much as they needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldn’t ask their parents for help.  尽管他们急需要钱来付房子的首期付款，他们也不会向父母求助。

●在“as…as…; not so/as…as…”中，前一个as作副词，后一个as作连词，引导比较状语从句; 如：I don’t speak English as well as he does.

二、as作关系代词，引导定语从句；如：As is known to us, the entrance exam to college is of great importance to us.  As has been stressed for many times, we should attach importance to reading.

② advance在句中是不及物动词，译为“前进”；作及物动词时，意思是：“提前(put forward)；预支；促进，推动；增加，增进；提出”；作名词时，意思是“前进；进步；预付款”。请体会advance在以下句子中的含义。

1. Can we advance the date of the meeting by three days?
2. He asked his employer to advance him a month’s salary.
3. What he has done will advance the cause of world peace.
4. Such conduct is unlikely to advance your interests(利益).
5. Scientists have advanced a new theory to explain this phenomenon.
6. It’s cheaper if you book the tickets in advance/ ahead of time.

③ count在句中译为“计数，计算总数”；它还有“认为；数数；重要；把……算入，包括”等意思，请体会count在以下句中的含义；

1) I count myself lucky to have known him.

2) Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

3) Every second counts in an emergency.

4) We have invited 50 people, not counting/including the children.

6. The earliest, the astrolabe, was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky.

★译：最早的是星盘，它是一种的特殊的集多功能于一体的工具，它可以用来表明船只同太阳和布满天空的各种星星之间的相关位置。

★句子分析：

①句中划线部分为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词stars.

②cover在句中的意思为“覆盖”；复习cover作动词时，译为“覆盖；涵盖，涉及；足以支付；行走（一段路程）；占地面积；报道”；作名词时，译为“封面；覆盖物；躲避处，庇护所”。

★点滴积累：in relation to和……有关

7. However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.

★译：但是，它不容易使用，因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船只本身。

★句子分析：

① 句中it指代前文中的the astrolabe. 在sb/sth + be + adj. +to do的句式中，不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。如：The question is difficult to answer.  The new colleague is hard to get along with.

② 句中as译为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。

③ awkward在句中的意思为“难用的；不便操作的”，它还可以表示“笨拙的；尴尬的”等含义。     

★点滴积累：in/with reference to关于   make a reference to谈到，说到    

refer to 查阅，参考；提到；涉及     refer to…as… 把……当作

(检测部分)

I Complete the following tasks.

1. 标出船的位置 ________________________________

2. 不妨做；倒不如做 _____________________________

3. 任由海洋摆布 __________________________________

4. 不可能被看到/发现 _______________________________

5. 这个新同事很难相处 ______________________________

6. carry v.

实施；执行__________________    变得很激动；情绪失控___________________

帮助…度过；顺利完成______________________

7. 紧急情况下分分秒秒都很重要。

_______________________________________________________________________

II Complete the following sentences.

1. 我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船的位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。

We ___________________ wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible _____________________________________.

2. 以前没有人知道地球每小时向东转动约15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。

Nobody knew that the earth turns eastwards at about 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude _____________________________.

3. 但是，它不容易使用，因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船只本身。

However, ______________________ as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. (awkward)

4. 他所做的将会促进和平事业的发展。

________________________________ will advance the cause of world peace.

III Fill in the blanks.

1. There was no secure method of measuring longitude _________________ the 17^th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.

2. It was the culture, rather than the language, that ________________ (make) it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

3. I have consulted Professor Yang several times ________________________ (work) the difficult maths problem.

4. The compass has a special magnetic pointer __________________ (indicate) the North Pole.

5. I am so glad that the little boy can work out this difficult maths problem without __________________

(refer) to any notes.

IV Correction

1. Those flowers smelt sweet are actually very poisonous and harmful.

2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to adjust.

3. Up till now, the scientist and professor have advanced a new theory to explain this phenomenon.

4. With time went by, we became more familiar with the new regulations.

5. Samuel the sailor was extreme good at plotting his course by using the stars as a reference.