这篇阅读是节选自马克•吐温的代表作《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》(1884)的一个故事,材料的中心情节是讲白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆如何结下深厚友谊的故事。
课前,我对教材进行了认真的分析,以培养学生的阅读兴趣、提高学生的阅读和表达能力为目标;以引导学生把握文章的中心主旨,准确获取故事的情节信息,分析对人物的生动刻画并赏析名家的语言魅力为重难点;以提高学生用英语进行思维与表达的能力为抓手。让学生在阅读中不仅养成“既见树木又见森林”的能力,又能按要求快速找准细节信息。最后,让学生对本文中出现的好词好句能有充分的理解记忆和运用,培养他们及时记忆和不断积累的好习惯。设计教案及处理课堂活动方案时,我时刻提醒自己应贯彻“独立思考,合作交流,张扬个性”“德育渗透,分层施教,多维互动,提高感悟”的教学理念,采用有利于发挥学生主体作用的教学思路与方法,在每个教学环节上充分考虑学生的需求。同时,尊重学生中的个体差异,尽可能满足不同学生的学习需要,运用肢体语言和激情去感染和活化学生积极的参与意识。
精心设计,注重实效
Warming up & lead-in:本文属一历险小故事,为切入话题,抓住学生的兴奋点, 我以学生们熟悉的电视剧《小鲤鱼历险记》的主题曲导入新课,从而引出了adventure的话题,并因势利导引导他们展开了一个热身小讨论。
1. Do you know what is the theme song?
2. If you have the chance to travel, where would you like to travel to?and why?
为扩大学生的参与面,让人人都有话可说并顾及个体差异,问题都由浅入深,由简入繁。几个学生极富想象和表现力的回答让人感到惊喜:有人要去原始大森林,亲临大自然to explore野生动植物;有人要到海岛漂流,体验《荒岛余生》中Chuck 的奇妙生活;有人有意前往沙漠或南北极体验生活,挑战自我。
为进一步深入主题,吸引学生兴趣,我为他们播放了一段辛巴达历险记里边的时长大约30秒的视频。(里边辛巴达手端猎枪,神情紧张,走在林木丛生,风吹草动的森林里,耳边不断响起阴森恐怖令人揪心的怪异的声音。)
1.Where do you think the sound comes from?
2.How do you think the guy felt at that moment?
紧接着我又打开了第二段视频,这时学生们看到的是一个蓬头垢面全身长满棕色毛发的野人一样的怪物掉在了一个深坑里,它正龇牙咧嘴冲站在上面的辛巴达咆叫。辛巴达则本能地搬起一块大石头, 嘴里喃喃道,“ kill or to be killed”。 然而,他犹豫了片刻,念叨着,“I can’t do it”。 在他正准备放下石头转身离开的时候,那怪物却跳起来抱住了辛巴达的脚,也将他拽入了深坑。35秒的视频在这儿也结束了。同学们意犹未尽,我又引导他们展开了新一轮的讨论:
Can predict what will be going on next?
同学们兴趣盎然,讨论热烈,一个个展开联想续写着这个历险故事……
热身之后,我简要地介绍了相关的背景知识,《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》的主要人物、内容简介及作者马克吐温的主要作品,并有意识地在介绍中安排了几个本文的重点词汇(slavery, sail, at the mercy of, raft, paddle),将词汇教学有机地溶入情景感染之中。
Skimming & scanning:有了热身,背景知识介绍和词汇教学的前期准备,我顺利以课文插图导入并引发读前思考与猜想:
Guide the students to talk about the picture to arouse their interest in reading the passage, the steamboat.
1. Where are Huck and Jim probably paddling to?
2. When do you think the story is taking place?
3. What is the building in the distance?
4. Have you find anyting strange about the building?
Read the first four paragraphs of the passage to check their guessing.
这几个简单的问题打开了学生的思路和探究兴趣,学生作出了多样的大胆猜测,然后引导他们身临其境地进入了故事第一个情景的跳读,并收集了他们的探究结果。为引人入胜,我指导学生进入了task-based fast reading,针对性地提出了几个严谨的问题,力求让学生抓住故事的主要情节,以启发学生思维:
1. What did they find on the steamboat?
2. What did the two men standing want to do with the man lying on the ground?
3. Did Hunk stay on the steamboat?
4. What did he do then?
完成这一快速阅读任务后,学生已基本理清故事情节,让他们再次快速阅读(扫读),完成书上小情节排序的任务可谓水到渠成。Scan the text again to get more details to number the events in right order and know about the structure of the story.
Listening:在播放课文听力之前让学生明白听的任务与目的:纠正发音,模仿语调,熟悉故事情节为下面的复述作好准备。
Intensive reading: 阅读课就应突出阅读课型,要引导学生有步骤地反复阅读,把文章读熟读透。下面的细读和复述课文环节便能实在有效地检查学生阅读效果。考虑到故事情节和人物比较复杂,全文复述会打击一大片学生的积极性,我便将整个故事按照登上steamboat的前后顺序分成了三个小情节故事,设计了一个小组的合作活动(小组成员找出关键词,分头准备),来了一个“复述接龙”。让学生分组扮演小说里的人物,分情景来个对白表演,无疑给课堂带来了生机和活力。
Group-work 1: Read the passage carefully enough to choose one part to retell or act out.
For each part, give them a model beginning and some suggested key words.(Before the group work, guide them to retell the whole story with the help of a group of pictures and several key words on each of them to get them familiar with the main plots of the story.)
为便于操作,我利用多媒体为每个小故事准备了一个开始句、几个关键的提示词及两幅简笔画。
Part1 Before boarding the steamboat: On a rainy midnight,Huck and Jim were paddling down a river when they saw… (sinking, steamboat, sail…)
Part2 After boarding the steamboat:
The poor man, “oh ,please boys,don’t …and I have a 85-year-old mother to…”
The tall man, “you are lying…”
The short man, “No, don’t do that,…”
Part3 After leaving the steamboat: Huck crawled back to their raft, and… (persuade, find,paddle,safe distance,feel bad)
在分组活动之前,为了让学生再一次熟悉整个故事情节,掌握分组分块复述时要套用的字词和典型句型,我引导学生做了一次整体复述。这一部分的指令一定要交代清楚,否则,学生会一头雾水,不知该干什么!
有了学生流利的表达和组员之间的默契配合,在加上他们的精心准备、在台上夸张但得体的肢体动作以及他们流利而富有创意的英语台词,自然将小说里的人物和情节惟妙惟肖地搬上了讲台,搬进了教室,其他学生也自然地报以热烈的掌声。
Vocabulary practice( Game-playing and competition) :词汇练习要给足学生时间,让他们独立完成,充分暴露问题,然后再引导他们核对答案,纠正错误,以加深识记印象。然而,与前面的导入和课文复述相比,词汇练习部分显得相对枯燥了许多。因为前面将声音、图像、文字、动画、视频等多种信息于一体,有很强的真实感和表现力,极大地满足了学生的视听等多感官需求。但词汇练习是本课型一个非常重要的教学内容,特别强调学生的识记和理解。为了再次激发学生持续学习的兴趣,更大面积地调动学生积极参与课堂活动的意识。我将竞争与激励机制引入了课堂,在充分调动了学生的阅读历险小说的兴趣后,我向学生展示了马克吐温的几部小说:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》、Prince & Pauper《王子与贫儿》、The Million Pound Note 《百万英镑》、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里·芬历险记》,并说, “Do you want to get one of Mark Twain’s novels?” 几乎所有的学生thundered, “Yes!” 同时大屏幕上也出现了这几本书的图片,我便抓住时机added, “well, you should work to win your wanted book. That is, you should accomplish several vocabulary exercises behind the book. (每一本书的后面都链接着相应的词汇练习)Otherwise, you will lose the chance. For example, if you are to choose The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, you are required to match the new words with their paraphrases correctly. And if you like Prince & Pauper, you should fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. For The Million Pound Note, you are to finish the short close test according to the story. For The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, recite the last beautifully written paragraph in 30 seconds. 同学们个个兴趣盎然,跃跃欲试,这样课堂活动便有机地与各种练习结合到了一起。上面的竞赛是individual work,在他们意犹未尽时,我又引入了一个男女生对抗的group work,通过激烈的抢答活动,让他们的知识得到了巩固和运用,课堂活动也水到渠成地进入了高潮。在设计抢答练习学案时,我特别注重考虑两点:一是教材上已有的练习可根据课堂设计的需要和学生的能力水平进行合理的删减或替换。二是对词汇的处理要能充分利用多媒体的资源优势。对于抽象的词汇,可用网络图片释意或给英文释义、组织配对连线或创设语境串词成篇、用动词的适当形式填空、根据汉语提示完成句子、根据课文内容设计贴近高考题型的完型填空练习或者阅读理解的单选练习等形式,活化原本枯燥的词汇教学。
竞赛活动1:Guide the students to work individually to win themselves their favourite novels. (Those who can answer the questions attached can get the book.)
竞赛活动2: Organise a competition between boys and girls to finish the exercises on the students self-study paper.
Check the answers in class.
Discussion:最后,为开发学生思维,启发学生想象,激活学生的表达,我以一个课堂讨论结束:
If you were Huck, what would you do next?
课文的处理恰好做到了以猜想开始,以猜想结束。这节课在热烈的讨论声中结束。
Homework: 课后,我让他们将讨论的内容整理成文,以作者的身份续写故事。If you were Mark Twain, how would you like the rest of the story go? And, if you are interested in what really happened in the novel, you can search the internet or go to the library to have further study.
思之则活,思活则进
常言道:细节决定成败,态度决定一切。认真回顾这节课,进行自我分析评价,得到的启示和教训是:我们要面向学生个体,对于思维方法有创新的学生不要吝啬你的表扬:Well done! A good job! Wonderful! Excellent! Imaginative! I like your question! A good idea! Great mind…;对于有德育亮点的回答要及时鼓励和肯定:You are brave! A good deed! You are so kind! So generous and kind-hearted! We should learn from him. You are quite right…;对于学困生要重视发掘他们的闪光点,给他们创造表现的机会:Try your best! It doesn’t matter, and try it next time! Be brave! Be confident and show yourself! I believe you can! I’m looking forward to your progresss!坚持长期适时适度的激励和评价,有利于培养学习的主动性和自信心,将会有力调动、整合多种教育因素于课程实施的过程之中,促进和引导教育对象全面、和谐地发展,一定会收到意想不到的效果。
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