that 与what从句是中学课本的一项重要语法内容,也是学生易出错的地方。现将其用法归纳如下:
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
_______ he said at the meeting was very important.他在会上所说的非常重要。
_______ surprised us is that he did it alone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。
_______ he did it alone surprised us.他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,一般情况下可以省略,但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个 that。 what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
They stopped to see _______ was happening.他们停下来看发生了什么事情。
The teacher got angry because of _______ the boy had done.那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。
All the people believed _______ it was right to rescue the temple.所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。
We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover _______this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed.我们必须相信,我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好;而且,当我们发现这事情是什么的时候,我们就必须努力干下去,直到成功为止。
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
Mary is no longer _______ she used to be.玛丽不再是从前那样了。
The question is _______ we should do to prevent him from going.问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。
The reason why he didn’t come today is_______ his mother is ill.他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词,对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有:fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
I have no idea _______ we should do next.我不知道我们下一步该做什么。
He made a promise _______ he would study hard.他许诺要努力学习。
The boy expressed his hope _______ he would be a pilot when he grows up.那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语,that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如:
This is one of the buildings _______ were built last year.这是去年建的楼房之一。(that在定语从句中作主语,指物,不能省略。)
The doctor _______ you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago.你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。
注意:what不能引导定语从句。如不能说:
1.He did all _______ he could to save the patient.
2.All _______ he needs is more time.
六、引导状语从句
so...that, such ...that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句,但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。如:
He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articles for an American newspaper.他的英语进步很快,不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them.请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe him no matter what he says.无论他说什么,都不要相信他。
巩固性练习:从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. (2005福建卷) ——Is that the small town you often refer to?
——Right, just the one _____ you know I used to work for years.
A that B which C where D what
2.____ should be done must be done in time.
A What B All C Anything D All what
3. A computer is so useful a machine ______ we can use everywhere.
A that B which C as D what
4(2005天津卷)last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _____effects the people are still suffering.
A that B whose C those D what
5.(2005湖北卷) Her sister has becomes a lawyer, _____ she wanted to be.
A who B that C what D which
6. (07安徽卷) You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
A that; what B what;/ C which; that D /;that
7. (07陕西) _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A That B Which C What D as
8.(07上海) ____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
A That B What C Whether D Where
9.(2006全国卷II)——What did your parents think about your decision?
----- They always let me do ____ I think I should.
A. when B that C.how D. what
10. (2005上海卷)The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B which C. what D. that
上一篇:【高三英语】导学案编写中的问题及解决办法[ 06-25 ]
下一篇:审化学导学案后的反思(王学明)[ 06-25 ]
远安县第一高级中学版权所有
网站备案许可证号:鄂ICP备0500248号
联系电话:0717-3812164
地址:湖北省宜昌市远安县鸣凤镇凤祥路8号